红土铸「剑」七十载，湛江剑麻何以韧行天下Seventy years of sisal, and why the fibre held

很多人都熟知湛江「菠萝的海」的浪漫与壮阔，却少有人发现，在雷州半岛滚烫的红土地上，还藏着一片低调又坚韧的「剑麻的海」。

Many people know the pineapple fields. Fewer notice, on the same hot red earth, a quieter sea of sisal.

剑麻叶形如剑、韧劲十足，粗壮的根系深扎燥热贫瘠的红土，在这片土地一长就是七十余年。从最初填补国内工业纤维缺口，到如今走向全球市场、走进日常消费场景，湛江已成为全国最大、技术领先、链条完整的剑麻产业核心产区。

The leaf is shaped like a sword. The roots go down into dry, thin red soil, and the plant has been here for more than seventy years. It began by filling a gap in industrial fibre. It now sells abroad and turns up in ordinary goods. Zhanjiang is the country’s largest sisal centre, and the chain is complete.

剑麻原产墨西哥，是多年生植物，平均生长周期为13年，最长可达15年，成熟植株有一人多高。上世纪50年代，湛江引种剑麻。它虽来自遥远的墨西哥，却格外适应雷州半岛的气候。

Sisal comes from Mexico. It is perennial, lives about 13 years and sometimes 15, and a mature plant stands taller than a person. Zhanjiang introduced it in the 1950s. It took to the peninsula’s climate.

当时，国内硬质纤维供应长期依赖进口，航海缆绳、工矿防护等领域的原料缺口亟待填补。一批农垦建设者从全国各地汇聚雷州半岛，在没有机械化设备的条件下，靠人力开荒、育苗、移栽，在红土荒坡上种出了全国第一个规模化剑麻种植基地。

Hard fibre was imported, and rope and mine protection were short of it. People from across the country came to Leizhou. Without machines they cleared land, raised seedlings, and transplanted by hand, and put in the country’s first sisal planting at scale.

经过几十年发展，剑麻已成为湛江的特色农业和优势产业。广东农垦湛江垦区建有亚洲最大的剑麻产业基地，麻片单产达到世界平均亩产量的两倍以上，长期位居全国首位。湛江最大的剑麻基地东方红农场，亩产叶片最高达9吨，亩产纤维超过300公斤。国家级剑麻现代农业产业园规划面积18万亩，覆盖雷州和徐闻境内的东方红农场、幸福农场、金星农场、五一农场等多个农场。

Decades later it is a local strength. The Zhanjiang farms of Guangdong Agribusiness hold Asia’s largest sisal base. Leaf yield per mu is more than twice the world average, and has long led the country. At Dongfanghong, the largest local base, leaf yield has reached 9 tonnes a mu and fibre more than 300 kilograms. A national modern-agriculture park is planned at 180,000 mu, across Dongfanghong, Xingfu, Jinxing, Wuyi, and other farms in Leizhou and Xuwen.

依托过硬的产品品质与完整的产业规模，湛江剑麻斩获多项国家级、省级权威认证。2006年，「湛江剑麻纤维」成功获评国家地理标志产品。此外，湛江先后获评农业部「南亚热带作物名优基地」，剑麻纤维荣获「广东省名牌产品」称号，湛江也坐拥「中国剑麻之乡」「亚洲剑麻王国」的美誉。

Quality and scale brought official names. In 2006 Zhanjiang sisal fibre became a national geographical-indication product. The city was named a southern-subtropical base by the ministry, the fibre a Guangdong brand, and the place picked up the titles “home of Chinese sisal” and “sisal kingdom of Asia”.

湛江剑麻的品种优势，始于上世纪60年代。1963年4月，华南热作研究院从东非引进优良剑麻品种 H.11648 共22株，其中21株于同年7月交给东方红农场试种繁殖。经过刻苦研究、试验，仅用4年时间，全场50%以上的剑麻田就种上了良种剑麻，这个品种被取名为「东1号」。

The varietal advantage starts in the 1960s. In April 1963 the South China institute brought in 22 plants of H.11648 from East Africa. Twenty-one went to Dongfanghong that July for trial. Within four years more than half the farm’s sisal fields were in the new variety, named Dong No. 1.

种植端的成效，也写在数据里。近十年，湛江农垦大力推进剑麻标准化示范基地建设，单产从2016年的每亩约3.5吨提升至2024年的每亩约3.95吨。2024年，湛江垦区剑麻种植基地约2896公顷，年采收叶片13万吨，加工直纤维0.5万余吨，生产纱、绳、布等制品0.6万吨。

The field results are in the numbers. Over the past decade, yield rose from about 3.5 tonnes a mu in 2016 to about 3.95 tonnes in 2024. That year the planted base was about 2,896 hectares, leaf harvest 130,000 tonnes, straight fibre more than 5,000 tonnes, and yarn, rope, and cloth about 6,000 tonnes.

广东农垦集团2024年投资超1亿元建设剑麻现代化产业园和精品加工项目，新增麻布、剑麻绳等精品生产线，达产后将新增就业近3000个，年税收贡献超600万元。

In 2024 the group invested more than RMB 100 million in a modern park and finer processing, adding lines for cloth and rope. At full run it is expected to add nearly 3,000 jobs and more than RMB 6 million a year in tax.

科技的力量还在持续注入。湛江农垦等多家单位共同完成《剑麻全产业链提升关键技术创新集成及产业化应用》项目，针对剑麻病害严重、纤维提取装备落后、高端纤维制品短缺等问题，历经19年协作攻关，选育出抗病麻苗，改进了纤维提取与加工设备，开发出钢丝绳芯等10个系列产品，并推动国家和行业标准制定。

A joint project on the whole chain ran for 19 years against disease, old extraction equipment, and a shortage of higher-end goods. It bred disease-resistant seedlings, improved extraction and processing, developed ten product lines including wire-rope cores, and pushed national and industry standards.

相关设备不仅在广东、广西推广，还出口到巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亚。与过去相比，新设备出纤率提高20%，含杂率下降32%，节水50%，节能40%，减少人工30%，生产效率和产品品质明显提升。

The equipment spread in Guangdong and Guangxi and was exported to Pakistan and Tanzania. Against the old machines, fibre recovery rose 20 percent, impurities fell 32 percent, water use fell by half, energy by 40 percent, and labour by 30 percent.

剑麻兼具经济、药用与观赏价值，凭借强拉力、耐盐碱、耐磨损的特性，传统多用于航海缆绳、工业抛光轮、钢索绳心等制品。随着技术迭代，其应用场景持续拓宽，延伸至纸币原料、设备绝缘、路桥填充、特种布料等高端工业领域。

The fibre pulls hard, takes salt, and wears slowly. It has long gone into ship’s rope, polishing wheels, and cable cores. Newer uses reach banknote stock, insulation, fill for roads and bridges, and special cloth.

如今，湛江已构建起「种植—初加工—精深加工」完整剑麻全产业链。区域内拥有5家专业加工企业，年麻叶加工能力超40万吨，制品年产能超2万吨。国家级产业园集聚数十家科研、种植、加工企业，主导产业加工转化率超95%。

The chain now runs from planting through first processing to finer work. Five specialist processors can handle more than 400,000 tonnes of leaf a year, and finished goods exceed 20,000 tonnes. Dozens of research, planting, and processing firms sit in the national park, and more than 95 percent of the main crop is processed.

过硬的产业实力助力湛江剑麻深耕全球市场，产品畅销30多个国家和地区。2026年一季度，东方剑麻集团纤维销量突破1000吨，创下历史同期新高。依托稳定的供应链、严苛的品控体系，湛江剑麻的国际市场竞争力持续增强。

The product sells in more than 30 countries and regions. In the first quarter of 2026, Dongfang Sisal Group’s fibre sales passed 1,000 tonnes, a record for the period.

与此同时，湛江剑麻加速走进大众生活，环保地毯、养生坐垫、文创周边等民用新品陆续面世，打破了剑麻单一工业原料的固有标签。在连绵的剑麻林海之中，麻园探索农旅融合新模式。麻园观光、纤维提取、手工编织，让大众沉浸式感受剑麻产业的底蕴与魅力。

It is also moving into daily life: carpets, cushions, small cultural goods. In the plantations, visits, fibre extraction, and hand weaving open the industry to people who do not buy it as raw material.

9月22日至24日，第一届湛江热带农产品促消费活动将在湛江奥体中心启幕。扎根雷州红土七十余年的湛江剑麻，将携湛江农垦人的坚守与匠心亮相盛会，走向更广的大众视野。

From 22 to 24 September the fair was to open at the Olympic centre. Sisal, seventy years in this red earth, was part of what the farms brought into public view.